Abnormal Pap Smears

Many abnormal Pap smears are the result of a sexually transmitted disease called Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), which is the same virus that causes genital warts. While it is difficult to fully eradicate the virus, it is important to evaluate and treat all abnormal Pap smears for prevention and early detection of cervical cancer.

If you have an abnormal Pap result, we may recommend a colposcopy to take a closer look at the cervix. Biopsies may or may not be taken. Depending on these results, we may recommend treatment such as cryotherapy (freezing), laser vaporization, or LEEP (loop excision).

What is a colposcopy?
A colposcopy is a test in which the doctor uses an instrument called a colposcope to look at the vagina and cervix and possibly take a sample of tissue. A colposcope has a series of lenses that magnify the tissue in the vagina and cervix so that the doctor can directly examine the organs.

Tell your doctor if you think you may be pregnant. Your doctor will want to perform the procedure in a different way if you are pregnant.

What are the benefits of thin procedure?
The doctor should be able to make a better diagnosis of the problem in your cervix and vagina and suggest further treatment if necessary.

There are also alternatives to this procedure so ask your doctor if alternatives are right for you and your particular circumstance.

What happens during the procedure?
The doctor will use a colposcope to look into your vagina. You will lie on the examining table just as for a regular pelvic exam. The doctor will use an instrument to spread the vaginal walls apart, and then place the colposcope at the vaginal opening.

When your doctor looks into the vagina, he or she will see your cervix. If the doctor finds some problem tissue, he or she may use an instrument to pinch or cut off a small tissue sample. You may feel a pinch or slight cramp. Then the doctor will remove the instruments. The tissue will be sent to the lab.

What happens after the procedure?
You may feel a little lightheaded right after the procedure. You may have to lie down for a few minutes after the test is over. The doctor will tell you what he or she saw. The test results should be ready in a few days or weeks, depending on the lab. Ask the doctor what other steps you should take and when you should come back for a checkup.

What are the risks associated with this procedure?
Risks are minimal. Complications rarely occur. Minor bleeding from the biopsy site may occur. Other risks include:

• Heavy bleeding (more than one pad per hour or more bleeding than your menstrual flow)
• Infection

Call the doctor immediately if you have:

• heavy bleeding
• fever
• pelvic pain

Call the doctor during office hours if:

• You have questions about the test or its result.
• You want to make another appointment.